Converters
Write a year, chapter or sequence number in Roman numerals, or read a confusing Roman numeral, and see how the letters are put together.
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The result appears here.
The result appears here.
To convert a number to Roman, type a number from 1 to 3,999 in the first field.
To convert Roman to a number, type the letters (for example MCMXCIV) in the second field.
Read the result and its breakdown, then copy it if needed.
The same letter can repeat up to three times in a row (III = 3). A smaller letter placed before a larger one is subtracted (IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900); placed after it, it is added (VI = 6).
Only I, X and C can be used as subtractors, and only before the next two larger letters. That is why IC is not a valid way to write 99; the correct form is XCIX.
The standard system has no letter above M (1,000), and M can repeat only three times, so the largest number that can be written is MMMCMXCIX (3,999). Larger numbers need a bar over the letters (a vinculum), which is not part of the standard notation used here.
2026 is written MMXXVI: MM (2,000) + XX (20) + VI (6).
No. The Roman system has no symbol for zero, and this tool accepts numbers from 1.
Some analog clocks write 4 as IIII for visual symmetry. The standard form is still IV, and this tool uses the standard form.
Its structure breaks the standard rules, for example a letter repeated more than three times (IIII) or an invalid subtraction (IC). Check the breakdown shown.
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